Ion channels can be roughly divided into three categories: voltage-gated (such as Nav1.8), ligandgated (NMDA-receptor) and mechano-sensitive (Piezo) channels. These ion channels play important roles for the composition of nerve action potential and synaptic transmission, which are essential targets for anesthesia and pain management. Some of these ion channel modulators are being actively used in our daily practice for anesthesia, anti-arrythmia and pain management, such as propofol (acting on GABAA-receptor), amiodarone (voltage-gated K+ channel) and lidocaine (voltage-gated Na+ channel). In this review, I will present updated literature and our previous research related to some of these ion channels, such as Cav3.2 (a T-type Ca2+ channel subtype) and A-type K+ channel, in rat formalin and spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain models. Reference: 1. Cheng, J.K., et al., Effects of intrathecal injection of T-type calcium channel blockers in the rat formalin test. Behav Pharmacol, 2007. 18(1): p. 1-8. 2. Chen, Y.L., et al., Chronic intrathecal infusion of mibefradil, ethosuximide and nickel attenuates nerve ligation-induced pain in rats. Br J Anaesth, 2015. 115(1): p. 105-11. 3. Chien, L.Y., et al., Reduced expression of A-type potassium channels in primary sensory neurons induces mechanical hypersensitivity. J Neurosci, 2007. 27(37): p. 9855-65. 4. Bertoch, T., et al., Suzetrigine, a Nonopioid Na V 1.8 Inhibitor for Treatment of Moderate-to-severe Acute Pain: Two Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trials. Anesthesiology, 2025. 142(6): p. 1085-1099.